Where is Arthrobacter found?

Abstract. Arthrobacter is a genus of obligate aerobes bacteria characterized by a rod–coccus growth cycle. Arthrobacter spp. commonly are found in soils, aerial surface of plants, and wastewater sediments; they do not form endospores and are highly proteolytic.

What disease is caused by Arthrobacter?

Arthrobacter species was reported as a cause of well-documented human disease only on 5 other occasions: 2 cases of bacteremia, 1 case of postoperative endophthalmitis, 1 case of Whipple disease—like syndrome, and 1 case of phlebitis (table 1).

Is Arthrobacter harmful to humans?

Arthrobacter globiformis strain ATCC 8010 was estimated to have a low hazard toward both human health and the environment; and exposure to Canadians and the environment is low. Therefore, it is concluded that Arthrobacter globiformis strain ATCC 8010 is not harmful to human health or to the environment.

Is Arthrobacter catalase positive?

The genus Arthrobacter includes a heterogeneous group of aerobic, gram-positive, catalase-positive, nonfermentative coryneform bacteria of high G+C DNA content (18).

Is Arthrobacter Gram-negative?

Gram-negative rods of the type species, Arthrobacter globiformis, were also examined and found to produce a gram-positive type of wall with a 19-nm average thickness.

Is Arthrobacter aerobic or anaerobic?

Members of the genus Arthrobacter are usually regarded as obligate aerobic bacteria. The anaerobic growth and energy metabolism of two Arthrobacter species were investigated.

What is snapping division?

After septum formation is completed, the two daughter cells remain attached by the outer layer of the cell wall. It appears that localized rupture of the outer layer during further wall growth is responsible for the phenomenon known as “snapping division” or “snapping postfission movement.”

Are bacilli rod-shaped?

bacillus, (genus Bacillus), any of a genus of rod-shaped, gram-positive, aerobic or (under some conditions) anaerobic bacteria widely found in soil and water. The term bacillus has been applied in a general sense to all cylindrical or rodlike bacteria.

Is arthrobacter motile?

Arthrobacter agilis Spheres (0.8–1.2 μm in diameter) occur in pairs and tetrads. The dark rose-red pigment is water-insoluble. The species is motile by means of one to three flagella, though non-motile strains can occur.

Where is microbacterium found?

Microbacterium spp. are yellow-pigmented Gram-positive coryneform rods found in various environmental sources, such as soil and water samples. They rarely cause human infection, mostly infecting immunocompromised patients and catheter insertion sites, making them challenging to identify in clinical settings.

Is Bacillus gram-positive or negative?

Bacillus species are rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria; in some species cultures may turn Gram-negative with age. The many species of the genus exhibit a wide range of physiologic abilities that allow them to live in every natural environment.

Is Arthrobacter oxidase positive or negative?

The genus Arthrobacter includes catalase-positive coryneform bacteria with an oxidative metabolism, the cell wall of which contains l-lysine as the diamino acid and cellular fatty acids of the branched type (6).

Are Staphylococcus catalase positive?

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive, catalase and coagulase positive coccus and by far the most important pathogen among the staphylococci. It produces enzymes such as catalase which are considered to be virulence determinants.

Is Sporosarcina oxidase positive?

Catalase positive. Most species are also oxidase and urease positive. Nitrate reduction to nitrite is variable. Optimum growth temperature and pH are 20–30°C and 6.5–8, respectively.

Is Micrococcaceae catalase positive?

The staphylococci are members of the family Micrococcaceae, which also includes Micrococcus, Stomatococcus, and Planococcus. These bacteria are catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci that divide in irregular clusters, producing a “grapelike cluster” appearance when viewed under the microscope.

What are differences between the bacterial species Arthrobacter Globiformis and Arthrobacter Nicotianae?

The two major ‘species groups’A. globiformis/Arthrobacter citreus and Arthrobacter nicotianae differ in their peptidoglycan structure, teichoic acid content and lipid composition [4].

What is Arthrobacter Nicotianae?

A microbial biosensor using the microorganism Arthrobacter nicotianae was developed to determine the concentration of free fatty acids in milk. The sensor monitored the respiratory activity of the bacteria, which were immobilized in Ca-alginate on the electrode surface.

Does Alcaligenes faecalis have a capsule?

faecalis was isolated in 1896 by Petruschky from stale beer. Several strains of the organism have been found since then. This species is motile, flagellated, slender, slightly curved, not spore-forming, slowly growing, nonfermenting, capsule forming, Gram-negative aerobe of the family Alcaligenaceae.

What is budding in bacteria?

budding bacterium, plural Budding Bacteria, any of a group of bacteria that reproduce by budding. … In budding, the cell wall grows from one point on the cell (polar growth), rather than throughout the cell; this permits the development of more complex structures and processes.

What is snapping in microbiology?

In asexual reproduction, a parent cell divides and the result it what? … Only the inner layer of the cell wall forms. This puts tension on the remaining cell wall causing it to “snap” or tear. The two cells still remain attached by the remaining cell wall called a hinge.

What does the term deeply branching bacteria mean?

Deeply branching bacteria are phylogenetically the most ancient forms of life, being the closest to the last universal common ancestor. Deeply branching bacteria include many species that thrive in extreme environments that are thought to resemble conditions on earth billions of years ago.

Are E coli bacilli?

E coli is a gram-negative bacillus that grows well on commonly used media. It is lactose-fermenting and beta-hemolytic on blood agar. Most E coli strains are nonpigmented.

What is bacilli infection?

The clinical spectrum of infections caused by Bacillus spp. include self limited food poisoning, localized infections related to trauma (e.g. ocular infections), deep seated soft tissue infections, and systemic infections (e.g. meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and bacteremia).

What is the difference between bacilli and bacillus?

However, the name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus Bacillus.

How do you get a mycobacterial infection?

You may develop a nontuberculous mycobacterial infection if you drink contaminated water. Bacteria can also enter the body through a break in the skin, such as a puncture wound that gets contaminated with water or soil. Inhaling the bacteria also puts you at risk for infection.

How is Mycobacterium transmitted?

M. tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, not by surface contact. Transmission occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis, and the droplet nuclei traverse the mouth or nasal passages, upper respiratory tract, and bronchi to reach the alveoli of the lungs (Figure 2.2).

What are the symptoms of Mai?

• Fever.
• Sweating.
• Weight loss.
• Fatigue.
• Diarrhea.
• Shortness of breath.
• Abdominal pain.
• Anemia.

What diseases are caused by gram-positive bacteria?

• Anthrax. Anthrax may affect the skin, the lungs, or,… …
• Diphtheria. read more.
• Enterococcal infections. See also… …
• Erysipelothricosis. People are infected when they have a puncture wound or scrape while they are… …
• Listeriosis.

What diseases are caused by gram negative bacilli?

Gram-negative bacteria cause infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis in healthcare settings. Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to multiple drugs and are increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics.

What is gram-positive bacillus?

Gram-positive bacilli When gram-positive bacteria are shaped like rods, they’re known as bacilli. Most of these bacteria are typically found on the skin, but some can cause serious medical conditions. Gram-positive bacilli are further categorized based on their ability to make spores.

Which type of the cocci are called micrococcus?

Micrococcus, genus of spherical bacteria in the family Micrococcaceae that is widely disseminated in nature. Micrococci are microbiologically characterized as gram-positive cocci, 0.5 to 3.5 μm (micrometres; 1 μm = 10-6 metre) in diameter.

Is bacillus catalase positive or negative?

For the identification of anaerobic bacteria, a 15% H2O2 solution is necessary (1). In this context, the catalase test is used to differentiate aerotolerant strains of Clostridium, which are catalase negative, from Bacillus species, which are positive (8).